Down Syndrome: Providing Special Care to Someone Special

Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that occurs when an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is one of the most common genetic disorders, affecting approximately 1 in 700 births worldwide. February 21st is recognized as World Down Syndrome Day, aiming to raise awareness about this condition and promote inclusion, understanding, and acceptance within society.

Individuals with Down syndrome may face certain physical and cognitive challenges, but it's important to recognize that each person is unique and has their own strengths and abilities, so it's essential to avoid generalizations and stereotypes.

Signs and symptoms

Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with Down syndrome that first-time parents might observe.

Physical Features

• Distinct Facial Appearance: Individuals with Down syndrome often have facial features that may include upward-slanting eyes, a flat facial profile, a small nose, and a protruding tongue.
• Low Muscle Tone: Hypotonia, or low muscle tone, is common in infants with Down syndrome, making them appear floppy and less able to control their movements.

Developmental Delays

• Cognitive Development: Children with Down syndrome may exhibit delays in cognitive development, such as slower language acquisition, difficulty with fine and gross motor skills, and delays in achieving developmental milestones.
• Speech Delays: Speech and language development may be delayed, and individuals may benefit from early intervention and speech therapy.

Internal Organ Issues

• Heart Defects: Approximately half of infants with Down syndrome are born with congenital heart defects, which may require medical attention or surgical intervention.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal problems, such as intestinal blockages or issues with the esophagus.

Hearing and Vision Problems

• Hearing Loss: Ear infections and other issues can contribute to hearing loss in individuals with Down syndrome.
• Vision Issues: Refractive errors, strabismus (crossed eyes), and other vision problems may be more common.

Behavioral Traits

• Social Skills: Individuals with Down syndrome may exhibit friendly and sociable behavior, but they might face challenges in social situations due to communication difficulties.
• Emotional Development: Emotional development may follow a different trajectory, and some individuals may struggle with managing emotions.

It's important to note that while these characteristics may be associated with Down syndrome, they do not define the individual, and each person is unique. Additionally, not all individuals with Down syndrome will experience every symptom listed above. Early intervention services, including physical therapy, speech therapy, and educational support, can greatly benefit individuals with Down syndrome and help them reach their full potential. If parents suspect their child may have Down syndrome, it is important to consult with healthcare professionals for a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance.

The Medical City's Center for Developmental Pediatrics (CDP) is the first in the Philippines to offer routine developmental screening and monitoring of children by a developmental pediatrician in the Philippines from zero to eight years, providing early intervention and support to ensure every child's optimal development.